Question
I Come Against You in the Name of the Lord Almighty
1 Samuel 17:1-58
Key Verse: 1 Samuel 17:45
David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin,
but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
Read verses 1-11. How do the Philistines and Israelites assemble their forces? (1-3) How is Goliath described? (4-7) What does Goliath shout to the Israelites? (8-10) How do the Israelites feel about Goliath? (11)
Read verses 12-27. What are David’s three older brothers doing at this time? (12-13) What is David doing at this time? (14-15) What did Goliath do for forty days? (16) What does Jesse tell David to do? (17-19) What does David ask after hearing what Goliath shouts in his usual challenge? (23-26) What is the reward for killing Goliath? (25,27)
Read verses 28-37. How does Eliab berate David? (28) How does David respond to Eliab? (29,30) What does David say to Saul? (32) How does David persuade Saul to let him fight? (33-37)
Read verses 38-47. How does Saul try to prepare David for battle? (38) What does David choose to do instead? (39,40) How does Goliath confront David? (41-44) What does David say to Goliath? (45-47) What does Goliath come against David with? What does David come against Goliath with? (45)
5. Read verses 48-58. How does David kill Goliath? (48-51a) What happens to the Philistines when they see that Goliath is dead? (51b) What do the men of Israel and Judah do? (52-54) What does Saul ask David after meeting him? (57,58)
Manuscript
Message
In the Name of the Lord Almighty
1 Samuel 17:1-58
Key Verse 17:45
“David said to the Philistine, "You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.”
Today’s passage is arguably the most famous duel in the whole world. The cost of today’s duel was tremendous. Either David or Goliath would be killed, and the rest of the Philistines or the Israelites would be slaves and subject to other nation. So it is the battle where David and Goliath should not lose. But mysteriously today’s passage shows the heart of David.
Last Sunday we learned that the Lord anointed David because the Lord looks at the heart of men. But last week’s passage did not explain what kind of heart David has. Today’s passage shows what kind of heart David has. So the question we want to think about today is ‘what kind of heart does David have?”
Part I. David’s heart is the heart of shepherd. (v.1-36)
Verses 1-16 describes how the battle started and how Goliath showed himself. Verses 1-3 reads, “1 Samuel 17:1-3
Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Socoh in Judah. They pitched camp at Ephes Dammim, between Socoh and Azekah. [2] Saul and the Israelites assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah and drew up their battle line to meet the Philistines. [3] The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the valley between them.
So two armies gathered on each hill and in the middle there was valley. Let us read verses 4-11 responsibly to see how Goliath is presented and what he did.
“A champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. He was over nine feet tall. [5] He had a bronze helmet on his head and wore a coat of scale armor of bronze weighing five thousand shekels; [6] on his legs he wore bronze greaves, and a bronze javelin was slung on his back. [7] His spear shaft was like a weaver's rod, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels. His shield bearer went ahead of him.
[8] Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, "Why do you come out and line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose a man and have him come down to me. [9] If he is able to fight and kill me, we will become your subjects; but if I overcome him and kill him, you will become our subjects and serve us." [10] Then the Philistine said, "This day I defy the ranks of Israel! Give me a man and let us fight each other." [11] On hearing the Philistine's words, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and terrified.”
Verses 12-31 shows how the Lord sent David into the scene. He came to the scene when he obeyed his father.
Verse 16 reads, “For forty days the Philistine came forward every morning and evening and took his stand.”
Let’s read verses 20-24. “Early in the morning David left the flock with a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as the army was going out to its battle positions, shouting the war cry. [21] Israel and the Philistines were drawing up their lines facing each other. [22] David left his things with the keeper of supplies, ran to the battle lines and greeted his brothers. [23] As he was talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine champion from Gath, stepped out from his lines and shouted his usual defiance, and David heard it. [24] When the Israelites saw the man, they all ran from him in great fear.”
David found out that Saul was looking for a volunteer because Saul put great wealth, marriage to his daughter and tax exemption for the father’s family of the man who would kill Goliath.
1 Samuel 17:32-36
“David said to Saul, "Let no one lose heart on account of this Philistine; your servant will go and fight him."
[33] Saul replied, "You are not able to go out against this Philistine and fight him; you are only a boy, and he has been a fighting man from his youth."
[34] But David said to Saul, "Your servant has been keeping his father's sheep. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock, [35] I went after it, struck it and rescued the sheep from its mouth. When it turned on me, I seized it by its hair, struck it and killed it. [36] Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God.”
David explanation shows that David’s heart is the heart of shepherd.
David was young shepherd boy and indeed he did not have any battle experience. He never killed any man. But David said to Saul that to David’s eyes Goliath is like the lion and bear which he killed. David took care of few sheep of his father. They were not his sheep but his father’s sheep. But he was very faithful to his duty and most of all he was a good shepherd. He could fight against the lion and bear at the cost of his life because he was a good shepherd. His heart is the heart of good shepherd.
Jesus said in John 10:11-13 “[11] "I am the good shepherd. The good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. [12] The hired hand is not the shepherd who owns the sheep. So when he sees the wolf coming, he abandons the sheep and runs away. Then the wolf attacks the flock and scatters it. [13] The man runs away because he is a hired hand and cares nothing for the sheep.”
According to Jesus, the good shepherd lays down his life for the sheep. We cannot know who is hired hand and the good shepherd in normal times. But the crisis comes we can know it. When wolf comes we can know who is the good shepherd and who is hired hand because good shepherd will risk his life to protect his sheep whereas hired hand will run away.
David was a good shepherd because he lays down his life for the sheep even though the sheep were not his sheep but his father’s sheep. In order to rescue his sheep he even chased after the lion and bear. When they turned back on him he struck them down. Although David has been only a shepherd God gave him such a extraordinary battle experience to David because of his shepherd heart. His heart was the heart of shepherd. And God has been prepared David for the battle with Goliath in his divine will. If we are faithful to whatever duty which is given to us we can also prepare ourselves for the Lord’s greater purpose.
Because David’s heart was a heart of a shepherd he was disciplined and trained without knowledge that God has prepared himself for huge battle with Goliath.
Do you think David calculated when he attacked the lion or bear to rescue sheep? No. There was no calculation because of his shepherd heart for the sheep. No calculation and no fear. A few days ago one person has a trouble but I was not able to help him because he does not want to talk about his problem at that moment. So while I was thinking about this and that his shepherdess just talked to him two hours straight and the problem was resolved. She did not calculate at all and there is no fear in her because of her shepherd heart for her sheep.
I also have seen so many times missionary Isaac Kim did not calculate at all but pours everything he has for his sheep which is all of us. Whenever I see it I am amazed. He does for all of us although some of us may not realize it. At least I saw three times distinctively when he helped Jeff Wright, Neil Renzi and Jonathon Plyes. As I said he does for all of us without except but some of us may not just see it. No calculation and no fear because of shepherd’s heart and it was the heart of David and it was the heart of Jesus Christ.
Secondly, David’s heart is the heart of trust. (v.37-58)
Verse 37 reads, “The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine." Saul said to David, "Go, and the Lord be with you."
David said in 1 Samuel 17:45-47
“David said to the Philistine, "You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. [46] This day the Lord will hand you over to me, and I'll strike you down and cut off your head. Today I will give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth, and the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. [47] All those gathered here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves; for the battle is the Lord's, and he will give all of you into our hands."
David revealed his heart was the heart of trusting in the Lord Almighty. He clearly compared himself with Goliath. Goliath came against David trusting the power of his military weapons such as sword, spear, and javelin. But David came against him in the name of the Lord Almighty. The Almighty God who is the God of the armies of Israel whom Goliath defied.
David also knew what the Lord Almighty want to reveal through his victory. The first one is for the whole world. It is that the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. To demonstrate the existence of the living God was the Lord’s purpose of giving victory to David over Goliath. David and Goliath are so unmatched from human point of view. Goliath is 9 feet and 9 inches champion of battles having spear, sword and javelin. David was only young man without any battle experience having a shepherd’s staff, and sling and 5 small stones. Since the match is so unbalanced that all the peoples of the whole world would know that the victory comes from the living God and there is the true living God in Israel when David wins the battle.
The Lord had another purpose in giving victory to David. It was for the people in the battle field. It is to teach that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves and the battle is the Lord’s. The Lord does not depend on military powers to save people. The Lord can win battle regardless of number of soldiers or weapons. He is not limited by any visible forces and human power.
Now who is our Goliath and who is our David?
Goliath represents Satan, the power of sin and death. David refers to Jesus Christ. In today’s passage David won victory by killing Goliath but Jesus Christ won victory by being killed and raised from the dead.
Indeed the way for us to win the battle against our Goliath is to have the heart of trust. To trust the Lord will give us victory through Jesus Christ. To trusting what the Lord has done for us is the way for us to win victory against our Goliath. Our David, Jesus Christ, has already won victory over our Goliath because he knows that we cannot win over Goliath like the Israelites. So he fought against Goliath and won the battle. All we need to do is to have the heart of trust, trusting what Jesus has done for us. Jesus died for our sins and delivered us from the power of sin and death.
On the cross Jesus had the heart of trust. He believed that the Lord God will give him the victory when he trusted in him completely and surrendered himself completely.
Now 2 Corinthians 10:3-5 shows how we can win victory over our enemy.
2 Cor. 10:3-5
“For though we live in the world, we do not wage war as the world does. [4] The weapons we fight with are not the weapons of the world. On the contrary, they have divine power to demolish strongholds. [5] We demolish arguments and every pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God, and we take captive every thought to make it obedient to Christ.”
When we look at Jesus he also did not use the weapons of the world. On the contrary he used God’s divine weapon. Instead of killing his enemies Jesus was killed by his enemies. And in this way he saved all peoples on earth.
So in the same way we need to use God’s divine weapon which is the word of God and prayer and the gospel in order to win victory over our enemy, the power of sin and death and Satan and all kinds of arguments and pretension that sets itself up against the knowledge of God.
If we use weapons of this world we lost huge blessings because we will be defeated before God’s eyes.
Hannah in 1 Samuel in chapter 1 shows a good example. She was provoked by her rival Peninnah year after year. Penninah gave Hannah hard time out of her jealousy because her husband loved Hannah. Hannah could have used weapons of the world. She could have talked to her husband and ask him to take care of her. Or she could fight against Peninnah whenever Peninnah gave her hard time. If she had done so probably she would be get out her trouble. Her rival would not provoke her year after year. But think about it twice.
If she had done it what will she lose? She will lose the blessing of producing Samuel, man whom God used so preciously for all peoples of Israel. She would lose to become spiritually mature person through prayer. She would not know the Lord so intimately. In addition, she would lose 3 sons and 2 daughters whom she produced later in addition to Samuel. Hannah’s shame and bareness was completely wiped out. If she had used the weapons of the world she would lose all of these blessings from God.
One day shepherd Terry told me that missionary Mari quoted Matthew 12:30 which says, "He who is not with me is against me, and he who does not gather with me scatters” in the course of helping one student. Here “me” refers to “Jesus”. And whoever does not gather with Jesus scatters. Now she meant is that if anyone does not gather with Jesus he will scatter. Interesting thing is from time to time this verse is reminded of my mind and it seems to me it shows missionary Mari’s life of faith. The meaning comes to me in this way. ‘If you do not commit yourself with Jesus and live for Jesus you will scatter. You will not have any security. You will just scatter. You will be blown away and disappear someday as if a chaff is blown away by the wind and no more”. It teaches me the importance of gathering with Jesus which is commitment to him and for him. It is interesting because this verse is reminded in my heart even though I do not think about it. It seems to be this verse is the summary of her whole life of faith. Indeed if we do not follow Jesus’ way and commit our lives for Jesus we will scatter and there is no security. We will just disappear and blown up like chaff by the wind.
Our greatest divine weapon is the gospel and our complete trust in Jesus’ death and resurrection is the best way to use it.
David had the heart of trust. He trusted ‘in the name of the Lord Almighty”. Jesus trusted in the name of his Father and his love and surrendered himself completely on the cross. By trusting what Jesus has done for us we can also surrender ourselves fully to the Lord and we can win victory over our sinful desires.
There was one student I know. One day suddenly he was severely attacked by lustful desires to watch adulterous movie while he was in the school library. The battle is whether he would trust burning desire of lust in his heart or what Jesus has done for him. Now what he did was that he sat down in his table and began to pray. He said to himself, “Jesus died for my sins and therefore my very lustful desires arising in my heart now was also paid and taken away.” He does not remember how long he prayed. As he trusted what Jesus has done for him suddenly he felt a sharp pain in his heart momentarily and the lustful desire was completely gone. Later he realized that the pain he felt in his heart was the pain of crucifixion. God’s divine weapon of the gospel was realized in his life in that way through prayer.
Another person I know had a trouble to control his appetite because he is overweight. He wanted to eat less but it did not work. Then one day he heard the message. “It is finished” which Jesus said on the cross. Now his battle is whether he trusts his hunger and appetite which is so strong or Jesus’ word “It is finished.” When he realized that Jesus finished his salvation on the cross he realized that Jesus also finished his desire to eat unnecessarily. As long as he held on the word of God “It is finished” he would be able to control his appetite and lose weight.
Indeed our weapon is not the weapons of the world but God’s divine weapons which can demolish all kinds of arguments and pretension that set itself up against the knowledge of God and all of our sinful desires. And we must trust in what God has done for us through Jesus.
David’s heart was the heart of trust. Because he fully believed that the Lord is the living God and the Lord has power to deliver him and the Lord has power to give him victory he could defeat Goliath with his own shepherd staff and sling. He did not need any other extra weapons.
Surely we live in a world where our Goliath challenges us day by day and even mock us. But we come to our Goliath and challenge him not with weapons of the world but with God’s divine weapons, “in the name of the Lord Almighty” and what he has done through the word of God and prayer.
Surely if we learn the heart of shepherd and the heart of trust from David we can be victorious in our battle against our Goliath. In fact, the heart of shepherd and the heart of trust is none other than the heart of Jesus Christ.
In conclusion, what is the heart of David? David’s heart is the heart of shepherd and his heart is the heart of trust. He trusted the Lord Almighty and won the battle against Goliath. Who is our Goliath and our David? Our Goliath is Satan, the power of sin and death. Our David is Jesus. How can we win battle against our Goliath? By depending on God’s divine weapon which is the gospel, the word of God, and prayer.
One word: I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty.
PAGE
PAGE 7
Manuscript
Biblenote
I Come Against You in the Name of the Lord Almighty
1 Samuel 17:1-58
Key Verse: 1 Samuel 17:45
David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin,
but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.
In this passage, we will think about spiritual battles in 4 ways.
[1] Enemies: Goliath, the enemy who defies God (not men)
[2] Weapons: not swords or spears but the name of God.
With courageous Faith and With burning passion for the honor of God.
[3] Ultimate purpose for the battle;
To let God be known to the people and To Honor the name of God.
[4] Results of this battle: the battle is the Lord’s.
Victory is guaranteed.
May God bless us with the power of the Holy Spirit so that we can fight the spiritual battle with courageous faith and the passion for the glory of God.
HYPERLINK "http://www.jesuswalk.com/david/maps/valley-of-elah-location-1200x536x300.jpg" INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.jesuswalk.com/david/maps/valley-of-elah-location-468x209x72.gif" \* MERGEFORMATINET
1. Read verses 1-11. How do the Philistines and Israelites assemble their forces? (1-3) How is Goliath described? (4-7) What does Goliath shout to the Israelites? (8-10) How do the Israelites feel about Goliath? (11)
1-1) Read verses 1-11.
1 Now the Philistines gathered their forces for war and assembled at Socoh in Judah. They pitched camp at Ephes Dammim, between Socoh and Azekah. 2 Saul and the Israelites assembled and camped in the Valley of Elah and drew up their battle line to meet the Philistines. 3 The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the valley between them. 4 A champion named Goliath, who was from Gath, came out of the Philistine camp. He was over nine feet tall. 5 He had a bronze helmet on his head and wore a coat of scale armor of bronze weighing five thousand shekels; 6 on his legs he wore bronze greaves, and a bronze javelin was slung on his back. 7 His spear shaft was like a weaver’s rod, and its iron point weighed six hundred shekels. His shield bearer went ahead of him. 8 Goliath stood and shouted to the ranks of Israel, “Why do you come out and line up for battle? Am I not a Philistine, and are you not the servants of Saul? Choose a man and have him come down to me. 9 If he is able to fight and kill me, we will become your subjects; but if I overcome him and kill him, you will become our subjects and serve us.” 10 Then the Philistine said, “This day I defy the ranks of Israel! Give me a man and let us fight each other.” 11 On hearing the Philistine’s words, Saul and all the Israelites were dismayed and terrified.
1-2) How did the Philistines and Israelites assemble their forces? (1-3)
a) The Philistines assembled at Scoch in Judah. [see the map]
They pitched camp at Ephes Dammin; Between Socoh and Azekah.
b) The Israel assembled in the Valley of Elah.
Valley of Elah: 3miles east of Ephes Dammin.
1-3) How is Goliath described? (4-7)
a) Goliath: Champion of the Philistine from Gath. (v4)
He was a descendant of the Anakites: 9 feet: [3 meters]
Anakites moved to Philistia after driven out by Joshua (Josh 11:21-22).
b) Goliath used heavy armors as well. (v5,6)
Bronze helmet on his head.
Coat of scale armor of bronze; 5000 shekels [125 pounds/57 kg]
Bronze greaves: armor worn from the ankle to the knee.
Bronze javelin: spear with Iron point: 600 shekels [15 pounds/7 kg]
1-4) What does Goliath shout to the Israelites? (8-10)
a) “Choose a man and have him come down to me.” (v8)
“Give me a man and let us fight each other.” (v10)
b) Goliath issued a challenge to the army of Israel.
Battle between him and a [servant] of Saul.
Two representatives’ of the battle: one from Israel and the other from Philistines.
This is common method of war in the ancient world.
1-5) How do the Israelites feel about Goliath? (11)
a) “Saul and all the Israel were dismayed and terrified.”
Before, Saul was fearless; full of confidence in the battle. (1Sam 11:6, 14:52)
But now he was terrified because the Spirit of the Lord departed from him. (1Sam 16:14)
Saul feared men. (1 Sam15:24)
People only looked at the outward appearances. (1Sam 16:7)
b) Goliath demoralized the Israel through fear.
Goliath wanted the Israel to be fearful. Israel lost the battle even before it began.
c) The fear is from the Satan. Courage is from the Lord.
A spirit of timidity [fear] is not from the Lord. (2Tim 1:7)
Satan wants us to be dismayed and terrified in spiritual battle.
2. Read verses 12-27. What are David’s three older brothers doing at this time? (12-13) What is David doing at this time? (14-15) What did Goliath do for forty days? (16) What does Jesse tell David to do? (17-19) What does David ask after hearing what Goliath shouts in his usual challenge? (23-26) What is the reward for killing Goliath? (25,27)
2-1) Read verses 12-27.
12 Now David was the son of an Ephrathite named Jesse, who was from Bethlehem in Judah. Jesse had eight sons, and in Saul’s time he was old and well advanced in years. 13 Jesse’s three oldest sons had followed Saul to the war: The firstborn was Eliab; the second, Abinadab; and the third, Shammah. 14 David was the youngest. The three oldest followed Saul, 15 but David went back and forth from Saul to tend his father’s sheep at Bethlehem. 16 For forty days the Philistine came forward every morning and evening and took his stand. 17 Now Jesse said to his son David, “Take this ephah of roasted grain and these ten loaves of bread for your brothers and hurry to their camp. 18 Take along these ten cheeses to the commander of their unit. See how your brothers are and bring back some assurance from them. 19 They are with Saul and all the men of Israel in the Valley of Elah, fighting against the Philistines.” 20 Early in the morning David left the flock with a shepherd, loaded up and set out, as Jesse had directed. He reached the camp as the army was going out to its battle positions, shouting the war cry. 21 Israel and the Philistines were drawing up their lines facing each other. 22 David left his things with the keeper of supplies, ran to the battle lines and greeted his brothers. 23 As he was talking with them, Goliath, the Philistine champion from Gath, stepped out from his lines and shouted his usual defiance, and David heard it. 24 When the Israelites saw the man, they all ran from him in great fear. 25 Now the Israelites had been saying, “Do you see how this man keeps coming out? He comes out to defy Israel. The king will give great wealth to the man who kills him. He will also give him his daughter in marriage and will exempt his father’s family from taxes in Israel.” 26 David asked the men standing near him, “What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel? Who is this uncircumcised Philistine that he should defy the armies of the living God?” 27 They repeated to him what they had been saying and told him, “This is what will be done for the man who kills him.”
2-2) What are David’s three older brothers doing at this time? (12-13)
a) David’s three oldest brothers followed Saul.
Their names: Eliab, Abinadab and Shammah.
They were probably over 20yrs old; old enough to join the army.
b) The Old Testament writers used ‘Ephratah’ (v12)
Ephrath [ah] is an older name for Bethlehem. (Ruth 4:1; Mic 5:2)
2-3) What is David doing at this time? (14-15)
a) David was tending his father’s sheep at Bethlehem.
He was serving Saul when Saul was afflicted by the evil spirit. (1Sam 16:21-23)
During the war, he stayed at father’s house to tend his sheep. (v15)
b) He was too young to join the army.
Probably, he was at least younger than 20 years.
Assumption; 15-16yrs old since he was not married yet
Usually, average marriage age was 17 years old.
2-4) What did Goliath do for forty days? (16)
a) For 40days, day and night,
Goliath would taunt and mock the armies of Israel.
Goliath mocked not only the people of Israel but also God of Israel.
b) 40days; Tests for Israel
i) Regarding Faith: trust in the flesh vs. trust in the Lord.
ii) Regarding their fear: fear men vs. fear God
iii) Regarding their purpose of life: Pleasing men vs. pleasing God.
Looking at the outward appearance only vs. the heart of God.
Seeking your glory vs. seeking the glory of God.
c) Number 40: used in Scripture as a period of judgment or testing.
40days of rain: flood in the time of Noah.
40years of wilderness: Israel was in the wilderness for 40years.
40days: Jesus fasted and was tempted for 40days before his ministry.
2-5) What does Jesse tell David to do? (17-19)
a) “See how your brothers are and bring back some assurance from them.”
As a father; Jesses was concerned about his sons wellbeing and the battle.
Battle place was 15 miles due west of Bethlehem. [see the map]
2-6) What does David ask after hearing what Goliath shouts in his usual challenge? (23-26)
a) David heard the usual defiance of Goliath. (v23)
David heard Goliath mocking the army of Israel.
David saw the soldiers of Israel running from Goliath because of fear. (v24)
b) What will be done for the man who kills this Philistine and removes this disgrace from Israel?
David was focused on the reputation of Israel.
He really wanted to remove this disgrace from Israel. (v26b)
c) “Who is this uncircumcised Philistine defying the armies of the living God?”
David was focused on the honor of God.
“Defy the armies of the living God” (v26c)
David considered the Israel as the armies of the living God.
He had a faith in the living God.
d) Source of David’s faith is “in the living God” when everyone was fearful.
From the Scripture: David heard/read about God's promises to Moses and Joshua.
From the history: he believed God would defeat the enemies. (Deut. 31:1-8; Josh. 1:1-9).
From personal experience as a shepherd in the desert. (1Sam 17:34-37)
David's heart for God begins to manifest itself. (1Sam 16:7)
2-7) What is the reward for killing Goliath? (25,27)
a) The reward of killing Goliath:
Money: The king will give great wealth.
Marriage: with king’s daughter.
Tax exemption.
b) None of human rewards was David’s concern
David’s main concern was the honor of the name of God.
3. Read verses 28-37. How does Eliab berate David? (28) How does David respond to Eliab? (29,30) What does David say to Saul? (32) How does David persuade Saul to let him fight? (33-37)
3-1) Read verses 28-37.
28 When Eliab, David’s oldest brother, heard him speaking with the men, he burned with anger at him and asked, “Why have you come down here? And with whom did you leave those few sheep in the desert? I know how conceited you are and how wicked your heart is; you came down only to watch the battle.” 29 “Now what have I done?” said David. “Can’t I even speak?” 30 He then turned away to someone else and brought up the same matter, and the men answered him as before. 31 What David said was overheard and reported to Saul, and Saul sent for him. 32 David said to Saul, “Let no one lose heart on account of this Philistine; your servant will go and fight him.”33 Saul replied, “You are not able to go out against this Philistine and fight him; you are only a boy, and he has been a fighting man from his youth.” 34 But David said to Saul, “Your servant has been keeping his father’s sheep. When a lion or a bear came and carried off a sheep from the flock, 35 I went after it, struck it and rescued the sheep from its mouth. When it turned on me, I seized it by its hair, struck it and killed it. 36 Your servant has killed both the lion and the bear; this uncircumcised Philistine will be like one of them, because he has defied the armies of the living God. 37 The Lord who delivered me from the paw of the lion and the paw of the bear will deliver me from the hand of this Philistine.” Saul said to David, “Go, and the Lord be with you.”
3-2) How did Eliab berate David? (28)
a) Eliab burned with anger at David. (v28)
Eliab might feel bad of having David chosen over him by God. (1Sam 16:6,7)
Eliab expressed his jealousy in anger.
b) “Why have you come down here? With whom did you leave those few sheep in the desert?”
Eliab thought David should be in the desert, not in the battle field.
c) “I know how conceited you are, how wicked your heart is.”
Eliab thought David is proud and wicked in his heart.
God’s evaluation and Eliab’s evaluation about David’s heart was completely different.
d) “You came down only to watch the battle.”
Eliab thought David just came down to see the battle for fun.
He did not know his father sent David to check them out.
Perhaps, Eliab did not want to show his fear to his youngest brother.
3-3) How does David respond to Eliab? (29,30)
a) “What have I done now? Can’t I even speak?” (v29)
David was probably hurt from what Eliab said.
But he avoided the conflict through turning away from him. (v30)
He knew his brother was not his enemy.
b) David was more concerned about the honor of God than his own feelings.
Because the honor of the name of God is on the line, he set aside his feeling.
3-4) What does David say to Saul? (32)
a) What David said was reported to Saul since David spoke boldly against Goliath.
David said: Goliath defies the armies of the living God.
David said: the man who kills this Philistine and take away the reproach from Israel.
b) David said to Saul
“Let no one lose heart on account of this Philistine.
Your servant will go and fight him.”
3-5) How does David persuade Saul to let him fight? (33-37)
a) Saul: “you are not able to go out against this Philistine and fight him.” (v33)
David was disqualified because of his age, size and inexperience
Saul was looking at the battle in outward terms only.
b) David: “Your servant has killed both lion and bear”: (v34)
David would battle the lion and the bear by the help of God.
When he fought, he remembered how he fought, how God helped him.
David learned about God; his protection and power during his life.
He was walking with God in his life.
A lot of shepherds in Israel experienced the similar experiences of David.
But they did not learn anything about God in their lives and the Scriptures.
But David learned about God; God’s protection and power.
He confirmed in his real shepherd life what he learned in the Scripture.
c) God: God’s sovereignty over David.
God prepared David to fight Goliath during his life especially in the desert.
God wants us to be faithful right where we are at even in the desert like place.
4. Read verses 38-47. How does Saul try to prepare David for battle? (38) What does David choose to do instead? (39,40) How does Goliath confront David? (41-44) What does David say to Goliath? (45-47) What does Goliath come against David with? What does David come against Goliath with? (45)
4-1) Read verses 38-47.
38 Then Saul dressed David in his own tunic. He put a coat of armor on him and a bronze helmet on his head. 39 David fastened on his sword over the tunic and tried walking around, because he was not used to them.
“I cannot go in these,” he said to Saul, “because I am not used to them.” So he took them off. 40 Then he took his staff in his hand, chose five smooth stones from the stream, put them in the pouch of his shepherd’s bag and, with his sling in his hand, approached the Philistine. 41 Meanwhile, the Philistine, with his shield bearer in front of him, kept coming closer to David. 42 He looked David over and saw that he was only a boy, ruddy and handsome, and he despised him. 43 He said to David, “Am I a dog, that you come at me with sticks?” And the Philistine cursed David by his gods. 44 “Come here,” he said, “and I’ll give your flesh to the birds of the air and the beasts of the field!” 45 David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. 46 This day the Lord will hand you over to me, and I’ll strike you down and cut off your head. Today I will give the carcasses of the Philistine army to the birds of the air and the beasts of the earth, and the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. 47 All those gathered here will know that it is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves; for the battle is the Lord’s, and he will give all of you into our hands.”
4-2) How does Saul try to prepare David for battle? (38)
a) So Saul tried to clothe David with his armor:
He thought in order to beat Goliath, David would need the best armor in Israel.
Saul only trusted in man’s armor.
b) He rejected God by disobeying Him.
Saul was still in the natural, in the flesh, and in the things that are merely outward.
4-3) What does David choose to do instead? (39,40)
a) Saul’s armor was too big for David: not physically fit.
b) David took his staff, five smooth stones in the shepherd’s bag with his sling.
He believed the battle belongs to the Lord.
He was ready to fight the battle with the faith in God.
c) David was filled with the Holy Spirit: (1Sam 16:13)
He had the whole armor of God. (Eph 6:11)
He had the helmet of salvation. (Eph 6:17).
He had a breastplate of righteousness .(Eph 6:14).
He had the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God (Eph 6:17)
4-4) How does Goliath confront David? (41-44)
a) Goliath felt insulted that they had even sent David!
“Am I a dog that you come to me with sticks?”
Goliath despised David, cursed David by his gods.
4-5) What does David say to Goliath? (45-47)
a) Weapons of this Battle
i) Physical weapons: Goliath’s weapon: sword and spear and javelin
ii) Spiritual weapons: David’s weapon: the name of the Lord Almighty.
David’s weapon is the power of God.
b) Ultimate purpose of this Battle.
i) To honor God: The God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied. (v45c)
David’s motive is different from others especially Saul.
David was fighting for the name of God.
David was burning for the glory and honor of God.
ii) To Let God be known to the people.
And the whole world will know that there is a God in Israel. (v46d)
c) Results of this battle [Guaranteed victory]
i) This day the Lord will hand you over to me. (v46)
David knew the result of this battle even before the battle began.
Because he knew that the battle belonged to the Lord.
ii) And I’ll strike you down and cut off your head. (v46b)
David knew the process of this battle as well as the result.
Because He fully trusted in God, not himself.
iii) and he will give all of you into our hands.” (v47c)
David didn’t say ‘into my hand’, but ‘our hands’
David knows that he was fighting on behalf of all Israel for the glory of God.
4-6) What does Goliath come against David with?
You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, (v45a)
Goliath’s weapon: physical weapons
4-7) What does David come against Goliath with? (45)
a) “But I come against you in the name of the Lord Almighty.” (v45b)
David’s weapon: the name of the Lord Almighty
David’s weapon is the power of God.
b) “It is not by sword or spear that the Lord saves”; (v47a)
Israel thought the Lord only could save them with sword and spear.
But David knew this was the spiritual battle.
He fought the spiritual battle.
c) for the battle is the Lord’s, (v47b)
David understood the nature of the battle: this battle belonged to the Lord’s.
5. Read verses 48-58. How does David kill Goliath? (48-51a) What happens to the Philistines when they see that Goliath is dead? (51b) What do the men of Israel and Judah do? (52-54) What does Saul ask David after meeting him? (57,58)
5-1) Read verses 48-58.
48 As the Philistine moved closer to attack him, David ran quickly toward the battle line to meet him. 49 Reaching into his bag and taking out a stone, he slung it and struck the Philistine on the forehead. The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell facedown on the ground. 50 So David triumphed over the Philistine with a sling and a stone; without a sword in his hand he struck down the Philistine and killed him. 51 David ran and stood over him. He took hold of the Philistine’s sword and drew it from the scabbard. After he killed him, he cut off his head with the sword. When the Philistines saw that their hero was dead, they turned and ran. 52 Then the men of Israel and Judah surged forward with a shout and pursued the Philistines to the entrance of Gath and to the gates of Ekron. Their dead were strewn along the Shaaraim road to Gath and Ekron. 53 When the Israelites returned from chasing the Philistines, they plundered their camp. 54 David took the Philistine’s head and brought it to Jerusalem, and he put the Philistine’s weapons in his own tent. 55 As Saul watched David going out to meet the Philistine, he said to Abner, commander of the army, “Abner, whose son is that young man?” Abner replied, “As surely as you live, O king, I don’t know.” 56 The king said, “Find out whose son this young man is.” 57 As soon as David returned from killing the Philistine, Abner took him and brought him before Saul, with David still holding the Philistine’s head. 58 “Whose son are you, young man?” Saul asked him. David said, “I am the son of your servant Jesse of Bethlehem.”
5-2) How does David kill Goliath? (48-51a)
a) Battle scene: (v48)
Goliath drew near to David. David ran toward the battle line to meet Goliath.
David knew that the battle belonged to the Lord. (1 Sam17:46).
He did not run away: ran into Goliath for fighting.
David trusted God, relied on Him, and then fought as hard as he could.
b) David slung it and struck the Philistine in his forehead. (v49a)
Probably, David practiced with his sling thousands times in the desert.
He did not even know his skill would be used by God for bigger purpose.
c) The stone sank into his forehead, and he fell on his face (v49b)
Goliath’s forehead was the only part of his body that was not defended by a bronze.
David hit the exact location in just one try.
d) David took his sword and cut off his head with it: (v50-51a)
David did exactly what he told to Goliath.
5-3) What happens to the Philistines when they see that Goliath is dead? (51b)
When the Philistines saw that their champion was dead, they fled.
5-4) What do the men of Israel and Judah do? (52-54)
a) The men of Israel and Judah pursued and defeated the Philistines.
David’s courage gave them great courage and faith in the Lord.
b) David took the head of the Philistine and brought it to Jerusalem.
David put Goliath’s armor in his tent:
David will use the sword of Goliath later. (1 Samuel 21:9)
5-5) What does Saul ask David after meeting him? (57,58)
a) Saul asked Abner about David’s father. (v58)
Saul wanted to know more about David.
Since he promised to give his daughter to the man who killed Goliath.
Saul did not recognize David who played harps for him when he was in distress.
In Conclusion.
Goliath was the gigantic enemy who defies God and people of God. When all people were looking at the Goliath’s outward appearance, David was seeking the name of God with passion for the glory of God. David had faith in living God when no one trusted in Him. David fought against the enemy for the glory of God to save people. May God strengthen us with the absolute faith and burning passion for the glory of God so that we can fight the spiritual battle in our lives.