- Gospels and Acts(NT) Acts 18:23~20:38
Paul's Third Missionary Journey
Question
Acts 18:23-20:38
Key Verse: 20:32
“Now I commit you to God and to the word of his grace, which can build you up and give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified.”
STUDY QUESTIONS
1. Read 18:23-28. What was Paul's emphasis as he began his third
journey? Where did he go? Who was Apollos? What was wrong with his
preaching? How did Priscilla and Aquila help him? What can we
learn here?
2. Read 19:1-12. What did Paul teach the disciples he found in
Ephesus? What did he teach in the synagogue? Why did he move to
the hall of Tyrannus? What was the result of his ministry there?
(8-12)
3. Describe the comical event in 19:13-16. What was the result of
this? (17-20) What decision did Paul make here? (21) What was the
reaction to the work of God? how was the mob stopped? (23-41)
4. Read 20:1-17. Describe his journey to Troas. What happened in
Troas? When and where did Paul meet the Ephesian elders?
5. What was Paul's attitude toward God and toward his sheep? (17-20)
What was his message to everyone? (21) What does this mean? (Ro
3:10; Jn 14:6) What was Paul's attitude toward his mission? (22-24)
Why was he so determined to go to Jerusalem? (19:21; Ro 15:25-27)
6. Read 20:28-31. What warning and instruction did he give the elders?
What does it mean to be a shepherd? What example did Paul set?
(25-31)
7. What did it mean to commit them to God's grace? (32; 2Ti 2:1) What
did he teach by word and example about giving? What did Jesus say?
(33-38) Describe the parting scene.
Manuscript
Message
Acts 18:23-20:38
Key Verse: 20:32
“Now I commit you to God and to the word of his grace, which can build you up and give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified.”
After the third missionary journey, Paul wanted to visit Jerusalem
and go to Rome. Today's passage covers Paul's third missionary journey,
during which the main event was Paul's farewell speech to the Ephesian
elders.
I. Paul strengthened all the disciples (18:23-28)
Look at verse 23. "After spending some time in Antioch, Paul set out
from there and traveled from place to place throughout the region of
Galatia and Phrygia, strengthening all the disciples." On his first and
second journeys, he mostly did mass evangelism; he did not pay
attention to discipleship training. But on his third journey he makes a
strenuous effort to train disciples. Obviously he decided to raise many
disciples. Maybe this was the reason he made a vow by shaving his head
at Cenchrea (18:18c). He did not shave his head to become a Buddha
monk, but to train disciples.
At Ephesus there was a brilliant and eloquent scholar of Alexandria
named Apollos, who spoke with great fervor about Jesus, accurately. But
his message was incomplete because he knew of the baptism of John the
Baptist but not about the Holy Spirit. He mainly taught the baptism of
repentance but not the grace of Jesus Christ or the help of the Holy
Spirit. So Priscilla and Aquila, who had joined Paul at Corinth,
invited Apollos to their home and explained the way of God more
adequately (24-26). As a result, Apollos was able to prove from the
Scriptures that Jesus is the Christ (27,28). We must teach the work of
the Holy Spirit as a part of discipleship training. There are many
incomplete Bible teachers who teach many other good things. These days
many preachers do not teach the meaning of Jesus' suffering, death and
resurrection. They also do not teach the sacrificial life of Jesus.
Rather, many preach welfare Christianity. But we must know that
Christianity is not a philosophy of Esau. As the main point of
discipleship training we must teach people the work of the Holy Spirit,
and that Jesus is Christ the Lord.
II. God's work at Ephesus (19:1-41)
First, teaching about the Holy Spirit (1-7). While Apollos was at
Corinth, Paul came to Ephesus, a metropolis in the western part of the
Roman Empire, now known as Asia Minor. Ephesus was a strategic city,
and it was the seat of Diana worship, which was a symbol of impurity
and drew great throngs of people to its festivities. When Paul arrived
in Ephesus, he found some disciples and asked them, "Did you receive
the Holy Spirit when you believed?" They answered, "No, only John's
baptism." Paul explained that John's baptism was a baptism of
repentance, but the baptism of Jesus is the baptism of the Holy Spirit
(Lk 3:16). What happened when Paul explained about Jesus who gives the
baptism of the Holy Spirit? Verse 5 says, "On hearing this, they were
baptized into the name of the Lord Jesus." There was a great work of
the Holy Spirit. They were eager to be baptized in order to identify
themselves as Jesus' people. The Holy Spirit came on them. According to
John's Gospel, the Holy Spirit is the invisible Jesus; the Holy Spirit
teaches the truth of God and comforts his people and empowers them when
they are fearful. They also spoke in tongues. This speaking in tongues
is different from the kind done by modern people, who want to escape
from present realities. This tongue-speaking meant that they spoke the
secret things of God, forgetting all their profane language. They also
prophesied. In the past they were slaves of petty desires, and could
not see beyond their noses. Now they could see the future and say
something about it.
Second, teaching about the kingdom of God (8-22). Paul entered the
synagogue and spoke boldly there for three months, arguing persuasively
about the kingdom of God. The theme of his three-month lecture was the
kingdom of God. Our theme in Bible teaching should be the kingdom of
God. But some Ephesians refused to believe and publicly maligned the
Way. So Paul left the synagogue and rented the lecture hall of
Tyrannus. There he witnessed to Jesus and planted the hope of the
kingdom of God for two years. The result was remarkable. All the Jews
and Greeks who lived in the province of Asia heard the word of the Lord
(10). God also did extraordinary miracles through Paul. Even
handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick,
and their illnesses were cured and the evil spirits left them (12).
In the midst of a great work of God, a funny event happened through
seven comedians who were the seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief
priest. They went around and tried to invoke the name of the Lord
Jesus over those who were demon-possessed. They would say, "In the name
of Jesus whom Paul preaches, I command you to come out." What happened?
"One day the evil spirit answered them, 'Jesus I know, and I know about
Paul, but who are you?' Then the man who had the evil spirit jumped on
them and overpowered them all. He gave them such a beating that they
ran out of the house naked and bleeding" (15,16). Because of this
event, people were seized with fear, and the name of the Lord Jesus was
held in high honor. Many who believed in Jesus came out and openly
confessed their evil deeds. In this way the word of the Lord spread
widely and grew in power (20). Paul's work was fruitful when he
preached the good news of the kingdom of God.
Third, reaction to the work of God (23-41). A riot arose in reaction to
Paul's preaching (23). A silversmith named Demetrius, who made silver
shrines of Artemis, brought in no little business for the craftsmen. He
stirred up his coworkers and slaves, saying that the honor of the
goddess Artemis of the Ephesians had been damaged because of Paul. But
in actuality, he was more worried about his income source. Demetrius
stirred up his fellow workers and the whole city. "When they heard
this, they were furious and began shouting: 'Great is Artemis of the
Ephesians!'" (28) How was the mob stopped? The city clerk worried about
the possibility of a riot. Rome was tolerant but Rome did not like any
social disorder that would cause trouble to its government. If a riot
ever occurred, the city's mayor was held responsible for it. So the
city clerk did his best to put down the riot; he succeeded. God used
the city clerk to protect his servants.
III. Paul's farewell to the Ephesian elders (20:1-38)
Paul left Ephesus and set out for Macedonia, and finally he arrived
in Greece. Macedonia was the northern part and Achaia the southern part
of the country commonly called Greece (1-4). After staying there three
months Paul came to Troas, where around seven years before he had seen
the vision of the Macedonian begging him to come there. The disciples
at Troas observed the Lord's Supper weekly and studied the Bible
diligently. Paul was teaching the Bible. He talked on and on, until
midnight. Eutychus, who had worked hard all day on the bottom of
society, sank into a deep sleep; then he fell to the ground from the
third story and was picked up dead. Paul came down and threw his arms
around him and said, "Don't be alarmed. He is alive." Then he went
upstairs again and broke bread and ate. After talking until daylight,
he left (11).
Then Paul's mission team sailed for Assos. From Assos they went to
Mitylene. They arrived off Kios and crossed over to Samos and on the
following day arrived at Miletus. From Miletus Paul sent to Ephesus for
the elders of the church. When they arrived, Paul made a farewell
speech to them. We learn several things from his farewell speech.
First, Paul served the Lord with great humility and with tears. Look at
verse 19. "I served the Lord with great humility and with tears,
although I was severely tested by the plots of the Jews." Paul served
the Lord among the Ephesians with great humility, just as Jesus had
served the flock of God. In order to serve sinners Jesus renounced the
glory and power of the kingdom of heaven and emptied himself and made
himself nobody. The greatness of Jesus is based on his humbleness. In
his humbleness he became a friend of tax collectors. He became eyes to
the blind. Jesus humbled himself like a man of many iniquities and
transgressions so that he might take up all our infirmities and
transgressions. Jesus humbled himself to obey God's will to die on the
cross like a criminal. Here we learn that Paul is great because he
learned Jesus' humbleness. One young man wanted to be a great servant
of God like Paul. So he asked a guest speaker who had 2,000 members in
his church, "What is the first secret of a successful ministry?"
"Humbleness," answered he. "What is the second secret?" he asked.
"Humbleness," answered he. "What is the third?" he asked in
desperation. "Humbleness," answered he. This young man wanted to be
proud and at the same time be a great servant of God. So he despaired
at the answer. Jesus said, "Blessed are the meek, for they will inherit
the earth" (Mt 5:5). Humble people not only win many converts, but also
they inherit the earth.
Second, Paul taught them to turn to God in repentance and have faith in
Jesus. Look at verse 21. "I have declared to both Jews and Greeks that
they must turn to God in repentance and have faith in our Lord Jesus."
Paul helped people to acknowledge God who is Almighty and who is holy,
holy, holy. The people of Paul's time lived without God. They were
godless and merciless. Paul taught them to turn to God in repentance.
Repentance exactly means turning to God. Those who live as slaves of
money must turn to God and live for the glory of God. There are many
who say, "I'm okay; I don't have to repent." But Romans 3:10 says,
"There is no one righteous, not even one." Paul also taught people to
have faith in Jesus. Jesus said, "I am the way and the truth and the
life. No one comes to the Father except through me" (Jn 14:6). Let's
remember, "turn to God in repentance and have faith in our Lord Jesus."
Third, Paul's attitude toward God's high calling (22-24). Look at
verses 22-24. "And now, compelled by the Spirit, I am going to
Jerusalem, not knowing what will happen to me there. I only know that
in every city the Holy Spirit warns me that prison and hardships are
facing me. However, I consider my life worth nothing to me, if only I
may finish the race and complete the task the Lord Jesus has given
me--the task of testifying to the gospel of God's grace." Paul
determined to visit Jerusalem before going to Rome. On his third
journey, while in Ephesus, Paul realized that God was leading him to
Rome. Rome was the center of the Gentile world. Paul saw God's vision
to spread the gospel to the whole world through Roman roads. So he said
in 19:21b, "After I have been there (to Jerusalem), I must visit Rome
also."
Why did Paul want to visit Jerusalem? At that time Paul had one
great purpose. The Jerusalem church was materially very poor. So Paul
aimed to take offerings from all his Gentile churches as a contribution
to the church at Jerusalem (Ro 15:25,26). Paul was compelled by this
plan for two reasons. First, he wanted to emphasize the unity of the
church; he wanted to see the Gentiles belong to the body of Christ,
together with the Jerusalem church. In short, he wanted to enlighten
his people to their high calling as "a light for the Gentiles." Paul
wanted the Jerusalem church, by the help of the Holy Spirit, to
recognize that the offering from the Gentile churches was the work of
God. Paul had a broken spirit because of his own people's obstinacy.
Secondly, he wanted the Gentile believers to learn a giving spirit. For
Christians, acts of love are more important than just talking. Paul
showed his acts of love in order to move the hearts of the Jerusalem
church members. To complete his mission, Paul gave his life.
Fourth, "Be shepherds" (28-31). Paul had many things to say as his
final words. But he did not say, "Be nice;" he said to the Ephesian
elders, "Be shepherds." Of course Paul knew that shepherd life was not
easy. But he encouraged them to be shepherds because Jesus was a good
shepherd who laid down his life for sinners. Read verse 28. "Keep watch
over yourselves and all the flock of which the Holy Spirit has made you
overseers. Be shepherds of the church of God, which he bought with his
own blood." Paul knew that after he was gone, savage wolves would come
in among them and not spare the flock. Paul gave the Ephesian elders an
example of how to be shepherds over the flock of God. Look at verse 31.
"So be on your guard! Remember that for three years I never stopped
warning each of you night and day with tears." Shepherding is different
from being an office clerk. A shepherd must keep his flock day and
night, not for one or two days, but for at least three years.
Fifth, "Live by the grace of God" (32). Look at verse 32. "Now I commit
you to God and to the word of his grace, which can build you up and
give you an inheritance among all those who are sanctified." In short,
Paul committed the elders to God's grace. What could Paul say to them
when he would not see them again? Paul committed them to God's grace
through his Son Jesus. God's grace is that he did not punish us
because of our sins; instead he gave his Son to save us from our sins
(Jn 3:16). God's grace is God's sacrificial love. God's grace is God's
forgiving love. There are two kinds of people. One kind lives by
emotional feeling. This kind of people live sorrowfully and die
sorrowfully (Ro 8:6). The other kind lives by God's grace. Paul
encouraged them to live by God's grace so that they might build
themselves up in God's grace. Paul prayed that they might live by God's
grace and inherit the kingdom of God. When we remain in God's grace, we
lose many bananas. But we can have the peace of God. Also, we can
forgive others, remembering God's immeasurable grace. Finally, we can
inherit the kingdom of God. In his greetings to Christian brethren Paul
always used the word "grace." "Grace, mercy and peace from God the
Father and Christ Jesus our Lord" (1 Ti 1:2b). 2 Timothy 2:1 says,
"You then, my son, be strong in the grace that is in Christ Jesus." We
must help our sheep to build themselves up in God's grace.
Sixth, "It is more blessed to give than to receive" (33-38). Paul was
not a salary man; he supported himself as a tentmaker, even though he
worked harder than anyone else. Read verses 33-35. Paul supported
himself because he remembered Jesus' words, "It is more blessed to give
than to receive." Let's see how they loved each other through this
farewell scene. Look at verses 36-38. "When he had said this, he knelt
down with all of them and prayed. They all wept as they embraced him
and kissed him. What grieved them most was his statement that they
would never see his face again. Then they accompanied him to the ship."
In this passage we learn that we must preach the good news of the
kingdom of God. Also we deeply realize that we must be shepherds of our
sheep like Paul. Above all, we must build ourselves up in God's grace
and inherit the kingdom of God.