Question
David Grows Stronger and Stronger
2 Samuel 3:1-21
Key Verse: 3:1
The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time.
David grew stronger and stronger,while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.
1. Read verses 1-5. How long does the war between the house of Saul and the house of David last? (1a) What happens to David and to the house of the Saul? (1b) How many sons were born to David when he was in Hebron? (2-5)
2. Read verses 6-11. What has Abner been doing in the house of Saul? (6) What does Ish-Bosheth say to Abner? (7) How does Abner respond to Ish-Bosheth? (8) What does Abner decide to do regarding the kingdom of Israel? (9-10) How does Ish-Bosheth react to Abner’s outburst? (11)
3. Read verses 12-19a. What does Abner send his messengers to tell David? (12) What does David demand from Abner as a condition to their agreement? (13,14) What does Ish-Bosheth do regarding David’s demand? (15,16) How does Abner confer with the elders of Israel and the Benjamites? (17-19a)
4. Read verses 19b-21. What then does Abner do? (19b-20a) What does David do for Abner and his men? (20b) What does Abner say to David? (21a) How does David respond to Abner’s suggestion? (21b)
Manuscript
Message
Now do it!
2 Samuel 3:1-21
Key Verse 18 “Now do it! For the LORD promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’”
Avocado trees do well in California. Have you ever heard of Avadado trees doing well in Alaska? Like the tree, it is important for us to know the right place where our Lord and King, Jesus wants us to be. Otherwise we will have a hard time bearing fruit. Today’s passage shows that an able man, Abner was loyal to his cousin Saul and his family. But contrary to his own expectation, nothing works despite all his efforts. So he concluded that he better go to where God wants him to be. Let’s pray that we may apply this passage about how to serve God wisely.
In 2:31, besides Asahel, Joab lost 19 soldiers while Abner lost 360 men. The 18:1 ratio in favor of David shows the terrible cost of Abner’s defeat though Abner took the initiative to fight. Because David had God’s approval on his side, he was victorious. Look at v1. “The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time. David grew stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.” The war between them continued a long time. But Ishbosheth was no match for David’s strength. The outcome of the war is clear. David grew stronger and stronger against the entire house of Saul. Though God is invisible, He’s strengthening David and fulfilling his will. Since David was anointed, the Spirit of the LORD had departed from Saul. From that time on David was the rising sun while sun was setting on the house of Saul.
Look at v 2-5. During his reign in Hebron, David began to build a substantial family which symbolized his power as king. Six sons were born to him. They were a blessing for him. However, they were not from one wife but from six wives. I believe that this was his own weakness. Deut17:17a clearly teaches, “He must not take many wives...” Having multiple wives could have been the cause of many problems down the road as their sons created many major problems.
Look at v 6. “During the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner had been strengthening his own position in the house of Saul.” Abner’s responsibilities were considerably increased after the death of Saul and Jonathan at the Battle of Mount Gilboah. As you see a map, the Philistines were superior in strength and expanded eastward. Indeed, the political stability of the northern tribes depended on his authority as commander of the army during those troubled years. Saul’s heir, Ishbosheth, could only occupy the throne with Abner’s help. Abner was a loyal man, principled and innocent of personal ambition for he didn’t make himself king which would be easy for such a man in his position.
One day Ish-Bosheth asked Abner in v 7, “Why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?” We don’t know if he was guilty or not because the Bible doesn’t confirm it. But the obvious thing is that it sparked a change in Abner. Look at v 8-10. “Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said. So he answered, “Am I a dog’s head—on Judah’s side? This very day I am loyal to the house of your father Saul and to his family and friends. I haven’t handed you over to David. Yet now you accuse me of an offense involving this woman! 9 May God deal with Abner, be it ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the LORD promised him on oath 10 and transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and establish David’s throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba.” What was Abner’s basis to transfer Saul’s kingdom to David? He must have known about what God had been doing for David during the previous two decades since David had killed Goliath. 1Sam 15:28 says, “Samuel said to him, ‘The LORD has torn the kingdom of Israel from you today and has given it to one of your neighbors-- to one better than you.’” Once this prophecy was made known, I think that Abner should have known better than to continue serving Saul’s family, yet he had remained loyal to the house of Saul. At this point he found the reason why he should transfer the kingdom to David. In this way although he was a king maker for Saul’s family, he couldn’t deny God’s sovereign will. It was the will of God to set David as the king of both Judah and Israel from Dan to Beersheba. Now he speaks out by quoting the Bible for his cause. He was right in doing this. He was siding with God at this time. So Abner vowed that he would become God’s instrument in bringing about what God promised to David. He found the clear reason to transfer the power to David peacefully. Ish-Bosheth did not dare say a word to Abner.
Look at v 12. “Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.” It appears that this transfer plan was the work of Abner himself. But from the spiritual point of view, it is clear that God is working to fulfill His sovereign will to deliver the rebellious northern tribes into David’s hand. Let’s look at v13-15. David accepted Abner’s proposal on one condition: that he bring David’s wife Michal, Saul’s daughter with him when he comes to meet David in Hebron. Did David want to add one more wife to have the lucky number 7? What might David’s motives be in having Michal brought to him? 1st, possibly if Abner agrees to bring her, this will show that he has turned his back on Saul’s house and has accepted David as king. Here it seems David tested Abner’s genuine intentions. In bringing Michal, Abner passed this test. 2nd, David may have wanted to show all Israelites that he had the right to claim Saul’s throne by taking Michal back again to be his wife. Unfortunately the current husband was troubled. (16) Abner said to him “Go back home”
Look at v17, 18. “Abner conferred with the elders of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king. 18 Now do it! For the LORD promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’” Abner’s intention to transfer the kingdom to David was very sincere. He did not act alone like a dictator. He shared his plan with the elders of Israel and asked their support. He made environment for reunification of the kingdom of Israel. His counsel to the elders was straightforward: time has come, and there is no reason to delay any longer in making David king over all Israel. Abner paid special attention to the Benjamites who were Saul’s kinsmen (19). The Benjamites decided to side with king David despite the personal attachment to the house of Saul they may have had.
Look at v 20. Abner arrived in Hebron with twenty of his best men. Now, David prepared a feast for Abner, his longtime enemy. Rather than seeing Abner this way, he welcomed him with open arms. Indeed, David was a good shepherd for the people of Israel. It is like the Father who was waiting for a prodigal son. David wanted to welcome all Israel under his kingship. It seems to me that David forgave Abner’s sin of delaying the unification of the kingdom by setting Ishbosheth the puppet king in Israel.
David’s hospitality won Abner’s heart. Abner must have been moved. I think he must have been reminded of how fruitless it had been serving the house of Saul and how his life might have been different if he had sided with David earlier. We can observe further about his willing heart in v 21. “Then Abner said to David, “Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires.’” Abner did not want to delay his mission any longer but wanted to go back to Mahanaim immediately and assemble all Israel so that David may make a compact with all Israel. Abner wanted to pave the way to the rule of David as soon as possible. He is now like Abraham’s servant who wants to take Rebekah back to be his master’s daughter in law without delay. Gen 24:56 reads, “But he said to them, ‘Do not detain me, now that the LORD has granted success to my journey. Send me on my way so I may go to my master.’” Similarly, Abner put his mission above several days of feasting and celebration. With his offer to bring all Israel into a covenant relationship with David, Abner’s defection to David’s camp was complete. This was the groundwork that would unify all the Israelites. In this way God fulfilled his word of promise in and though David without fail. Now David sent Abner away, and he went in peace. (21) “Abner went in peace” implies that David had intended for Abner have a safe return. Here we can see that the unification of Israel was accomplished through God’s plan to change the heart of one man.
Abner’s story here reminds me of one person named Robert E. Lee who remains as icon of American military leadership. Although he personally opposed slavery, he was a citizen of Virginia like a Benzamite, which was the southern state at the time of the American civil war. Because of his military reputation, he was asked to lead the Confederate Army. After suffering heavy casualties in the battle of Gettysburg, he knew that the war was inevitably over. Though some of his former Confederate soldiers asked him to fight in the hills continually as a guerrilla leader, he pointed out, "This war, being at an end, the Southern States having laid down their arms, and the questions at issue between them and the Northern States having been decided, I believe it to be the duty of everyone to unite in the restoration of the country and the re establishment of peace and harmony." He appealed to reason and helped to build a stronger nation, the Unites States through his sincere effort to reconcile like Abner. He was forgiven by Pres. Abraham Lincoln and he returned to his family in peace in 1865.
I believe this passage is a powerful illustration of Jesus’ lordship in each person. He is in fact the King of Kings of the Lord of Lords. But He chooses to exercise His sovereignty only at our invitation without violating our freewill. David whose heart was after God’s own waited long time by faith. I also believe Abner is also a good example of those who know things to be true for a long time but they don’t live as if they were true. However gradually he concluded that he could not do nothing apart from the Lord. For a long time Abner had a hard time turning himself to the God’s anointed king. Meanwhile God who is faithful is working. At God’s time thankfully he surrendered himself to him. Thus Abner is also a good example of someone who eventually surrendered to God and his anointed servant. His anointed servant is David at this passage. But he is a foreshadowing of our Lord Jesus Christ. Colo 1:15-18 read, “The Son is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation. 16 For in him all things were created: things in heaven and on earth, visible and invisible, whether thrones or powers or rulers or authorities; all things have been created through him and for him. 17 He is before all things, and in him all things hold together. 18 And he is the head of the body, the church; he is the beginning and the firstborn from among the dead, so that in everything he might have the supremacy.” Sometimes our Bible students say that they want to obey God but not right now. They find reasons to go to other places & continue their old lives. However, it’s not a matter of where they are or their circumstances. It’s a matter of heart. Today Abner’s heart was moved when he came to David just as our own hearts are moved when we come to God.
Let’s read again v. 17-18, “Abner conferred with the elders of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king. 18 Now do it! For the LORD promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’” He also influenced others to surrender themselves to God’s anointed king. Because of the word the Lord spoke of David, and because it’s the right thing to do, this was something that should be done now instead of delaying. It is very much like our commitment to follow Jesus. “Now do it!” The same principle of Israel’s embrace of David as king applies to our personal relationship with Jesus. The Israelites may have talked about making him king, but that would not give him the crown. It might be generally admitted that he ought to be their ruler, but even that wouldn’t make it happen. In order for this change to come about, something had to be done. At this point Abner felt the sooner the better. Until the deed is done, it is undone.
Similarly, people may often talk about Jesus and consider him to be a good thing in their lives, and many may agree that he should and will be King in heaven. However, until Christ is accepted as our personal king and we come to hate sin and Jesus is trusted, a person is ruled by sin and loyal to another king as an idol worshiper. At this point I am reminded of 1 Kings 18:21, “Elijah went before the people and said, “How long will you waver between two opinions? If the LORD is God, follow him; but if Baal is God, follow him.” Elijah placed a clear choice before the people to let them make a decision to follow God wholeheartedly without delay. Elijah was the only one speaking this message against 400 false prophets. The people in his time were subject to the same choice Abner had to make, and we are as well in choosing which king we wish to serve.
As Bible teachers for young people, we wait for our children and Bible students to accept Jesus as their true king and Lord personally. Although our children have been raised and educated in a biblical environment, they may prefer at some point to spend a lot of time with their worldly friends rather than seeking God in person. At some point they must make a decision of who to follow. As parents and bible teachers we can help them make the right choice by serving them with the word of God and making our own decision of faith and welcoming them like King David welcomed Abner when they met in this passage.
This passage also helps me a lot. My weakness is impatience. I learned from David and his patience as he waited for Abner to come to his side. Surely like him I am in the winning side to win souls. God wants me to trust in His words of promise to the end and keep my faith. Surely God’s time comes according to his promise. Today, Abner chose to go to David’s side because he learned that apart from God, he can not do nothing. I should choose the same thing and remain on Jesus’ winning side. I can do this by teaching the word of God. In revelation 19:13b, “Jesus’ name is the Word of God.” Romans 1:16a says, “For I am not ashamed of the gospel, because it is the power of God that brings salvation to everyone who believes..” Here power is ‘Dunamis’ in Greek, which means a dynamite. By God’s grace when Abner came to the core desire of God, he committed himself according to the Word of promise. I should have God’s vision in serving students. It’s to serve one person at a time until they may know the Word of God and turn to their true master Jesus. In this way when we serve the word of God through studying the Bible with students, we will bear fruit in God’s time as Jesus had promised. It’s a matter of time, patience and faithfulness before Jesus. May the Lord help us to continue serving young people with His truthful words and welcome them with open arms as David welcomed Abner.
In closing, Abner said, “Now do it!” by God’s grace we have the choice to accept Jesus as our master and true king. We can serve him with our whole hearts. In this way America may be a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. One word: Now do it!
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Manuscript
Biblenote
David Grew Stronger And Stronger
2 Samuel 3:1-21
Key Verse: 2 Samuel 3:1
The war between the house of Saul and the house of David
lasted a long time. David grew stronger and stronger,
while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.
In this passage, we will see how God’s will for Israel and David was fulfilled one by one.
(1) God’s will be done in His time and in His way (v1)
(2) How strong is the willful disobedience to God’s will! : (v1, 9,10)
(3) God used wickedness of Abner to fulfill His will.
May God bless us to see His will in our lives and in our churches so that we might fully surrender to His good and perfect will. We want to obey it wholeheartedly! May God’s will be done on earth as it is in heaven.
1. Read verses 1-5. How long does the war between the house of Saul and the house of David last? (1a) What happens to David and to the house of the Saul? (1b) How many sons were born to David when he was in Hebron? (2-5)
1-1) Read verses 1-5.
1 The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time. David grew stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker. 2 Sons were born to David in Hebron: His firstborn was Amnon the son of Ahinoam of Jezreel; 3 his second, Kileab the son of Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; the third, Absalom the son of Maakah daughter of Talmai king of Geshur; 4 the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital; 5 and the sixth, Ithream the son of David’s wife Eglah. These were born to David in Hebron.
1-2) How long does the war between the house of Saul and the house of David last? (1a)
a) The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time:
Duration: 7 and half years.
Small fight became the prolonged nationwide war. (2Sam 2:8-32)
20 men died in the house of David (2Sam 2:30)
360 men died in the house of Saul (2Sam 2:31)
b) God’s will regarding David was widely known. (1Sam 23:17, 24:20, 25:28-30)
People at that time were fully aware of God’s will.
But Saul’s house and 11 tribes did not obey God’s will.
Only Judah tribe including David’s house obeyed God.
They did not demand obedience to other people.
c) Why Saul’s house did not surrender to God’s will? [Assumptions]
Saul: [due to pride] refused to obey God all his life.
Saul’s family [due to greed] did not want to lose their privilege to David’s family.
Saul’s subjects: [due to fear of men] were afraid to obey people in power like David.
People of Israel [due to lack of faith] did not fully trust God [His words: His will]
People of Israel [due to lack of passion for the truth] did not care about God’s will, God’s
way, and God’s plan.
1-3) What happens to David and to the house of the Saul? (1b)
a) David grew stronger and stronger:
i) God’s will be done even though it might seem to be slow. (Matt 6:10)
ii) Those who disobey God will perish even though God’s judgment might seem to be
slow.
iii) David grew stronger all due to the work of the Spirit of God.
God chose David and anointed him with the Spirit. (1Sam 16:13)
God withdrew His Spirit from Saul due to his disobedience. (1Sam 16:14)
b) Spiritual application:
i) Spiritual application should be done cautiously. (2Tim 2:15)
Original recipient (OT readers) will understand the scripture literally first.
ii) Spiritual battle against Jesus and the Holy Spirit.
David vs. Saul = King Jesus vs. ourselves (self-centered human king)
David vs. Saul = The Spirit vs. The Flesh
iii) Spiritual battle would be a long bitter war: it lasts for life time.
We must surrender and submit to the King Jesus.
We must crucify the flesh and walk with the Spirit. (Gal 5:24,25)
How can we walk with the Spirit? - We must live with the Spirit and show this to
Others including our children.
1-4) How many sons were born to David when he was in Hebron? (2-5)
a) David had six wives and six sons when he was in Hebron.
i) Polygamy was against God’s commandment. (Deut 17:17)
Scripture simple tell us the facts without judging his behaviors.
But it was clear that David did not obey God’s commands.
ii) Did the man after God’s own heart not follow God’s commands?
Then, in what ways, was Davis the man after God’s own heart?
David followed God’s heart. So it has to do with God’s heart.
b) Why did David disobey God’s specific commands?
i) Ignorance: He did not know the Law of God at that time.
At that time, not many people were faithful to the word of God. (1Sam 3:1)
ii) Culture-bounded: it was a common practice as a king at that time.
David knew God’s commands, but he chose to disobey them.
Because his conscience was not bounded to the Scripture.
His conscience was strongly bounded to the culture of his time.
A lot of things we are doing at home/work/the church may be against the
Scripture.
How much we are bounded to the culture not to the Scripture!
iii) Pride:
As a king, David wanted to show off his power by having many wives.
As a king, he wanted to increase his power by having many children.
How prideful we are; how arrogant we are before God and men!
c) Why did not the Scripture condemn David’s polygamy here?
i) The purpose of Samuel was not to condemn David but to exalt God, majesty of God.
The purpose of Samuel was to reveal who God is.
Through revealing David’s sins, author clearly reveals the grace of God.
God is slow to anger and he is abound in love, but he is just. (Exo 34:6,7)
The book of Samuel later described the trials of David because of his sins.
ii) One of the purposes of Samuel was to show David as the shadow of Christ.
Through revealing David’s sins, author clearly reveals God’s grace for all men.
David was chosen not because of his greatness but because of God’s grace.
It is clear that David is not the reality, but the shadow of the true King, Jesus.
But how easily we can notice greatness of human instead of majesty of God.
d) Summary Table for David’s Sons in Hebron.
|
|
Son |
Mother |
Brief story about them |
|
1 |
Amnon |
Ahinoam |
He raped his sister, Tamar, and was murdered by Absalom [13:1-39] |
|
2 |
Kileab |
Abigail |
He was known as Daniel [1 Chr 3:1]: not worthy to mention |
|
3 |
Absalom |
Maakah |
He murdered Amnon; led civil war against his father David |
|
4 |
Adonijah |
Haggith |
He tried to seize the throne from David (1Kings 1:5) |
|
5 |
Shephatiah |
Abital |
He was mentioned briefly in 1Chr 3:3: not worthy to mention |
|
6 |
Ithream |
Eglah |
He was mentioned briefly in1Chr 3:3: not worthy to mention |
2. Read verses 6-11. What has Abner been doing in the house of Saul? (6) What does Ish-Bosheth say to Abner? (7) How does Abner respond to Ish-Bosheth? (8) What does Abner decide to do regarding the kingdom of Israel? (9-10) How does Ish-Bosheth react to Abner’s outburst? (11)
2-1) Read verses 6-11
“6 During the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner had been strengthening his own position in the house of Saul. 7 Now Saul had had a concubine named Rizpah daughter of Aiah. And Ish-Bosheth said to Abner, “Why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?” 8 Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said. So he answered, “Am I a dog’s head—on Judah’s side? This very day I am loyal to the house of your father Saul and to his family and friends. I haven’t handed you over to David. Yet now you accuse me of an offense involving this woman! 9 May God deal with Abner, be it ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the Lord promised him on oath 10 and transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and establish David’s throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba.” 11 Ish-Bosheth did not dare to say another word to Abner, because he was afraid of him.”
2-2) What has Abner been doing in the house of Saul? (6)
a) Abner was strengthening his position in the house of Saul
b) He put Ish-Bosheth on the throne after the death of Saul. (2Sam 2:8,9)
He was the military leader of the Israel.
He was the real power behind the throne.
2-3) What does Ish-Bosheth say to Abner? (7)
a) “Why have you gone in to my father’s concubine?”
Ish-Bosheth accused Abner of a serious crime.
b) Taking the king’s concubine was a statement of power and claim to the throne. (16:21-22)
Possibly, Abner was making his own move to take the throne.
2-4) How does Abner respond to Ish-Bosheth? (8)
a) Abner was very angry. (v8)
This could be political false accusation.
Maybe Abner was innocent and it was false accusation of Ish-Bosheth.
Possibly, Ish-Bosheth felt it was necessary to decrease Ish-Bosheth political power.
b) Whether Abner committed sins against Saul’s concubine was not the point in this context.
Probably Abner did it: he defended himself with his loyalty and power instead of his
innocence.
c) Abner said, “Am I a dog’s head on Judah’s side?”
“Am I a contemptible traitor allied with Judah?”
It is a common expression to show contempt or disgust. (1Sam 17:43)
2-5) What does Abner decide to do regarding the kingdom of Israel? (9-10)
a) “If I do not do for David what the LORD promised him on oath”. (v9)
Abner knew God’s will, but rebelled against God until now.
But because of Ish-Bosheth’s accusation, he decided to obey the LORD.
b) Some people see Abner as positive example to obey God. (v9,17-19)
If we take what he said out of context, he sounded like a great man of God.
But based on context, he was not obeying God for His name sake.
He was trying to obey God with selfish motive.
Abner was not a man of God, but selfish opportunist, just like everybody else.
c) Abner’s decision to obey God’s will.
Abner knew God’s will before but chose to disobey it.
How common it is for us to fight against God’s will even when we know God’s
written will.
Abner wanted to obey God because he was angry.
It is wonderful to obey God and God’s written will.
But it is more important to obey Him out of right motive.
Obedience to God should not come out of fear but out of reverence, love, and
worship for His glory.
d) Dan to Beersheba.
This expression means ‘the whole country’. (Judge 20:1)
Dan in the north; Beersheba in the south.
2-6) How does Ish-Bosheth react to Abner’s outburst? (11)
a) He did not dare to say another word to Abner.
b) Ish-Bosheth was afraid of Abner.
He was a king but did not have any actual power to rule.
3. Read verses 12-19a. What does Abner send his messengers to tell David? (12) What does David demand from Abner as a condition to their agreement? (13,14) What does Ish-Bosheth do regarding David’s demand? (15,16) How does Abner confer with the elders of Israel and the Benjamites? (17-19a)
3-1) Read verses 12-19.
“12 Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.” 13 “Good,” said David. “I will make an agreement with you. But I demand one thing of you: Do not come into my presence unless you bring Michal daughter of Saul when you come to see me.” 14 Then David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, demanding, “Give me my wife Michal, whom I betrothed to myself for the price of a hundred Philistine foreskins.” 15 So Ish-Bosheth gave orders and had her taken away from her husband Paltiel son of Laish. 16 Her husband, however, went with her, weeping behind her all the way to Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go back home!” So he went back. 17 Abner conferred with the elders of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king. 18 Now do it! For the Lord promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’” 19 Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole tribe of Benjamin wanted to do.”
3-2) What does Abner send his messengers to tell David? (12)
“12 Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.””
a) “Whose land is it?” Two possible meanings can be there.
i) ‘This land belongs to Abner’: He controls it. Therefore, he can give it to David.
ii) ‘This land belongs to David’: Abner can help David to secure it.
Based on context, first view is more close to the real meaning.
b) “I will help you bring all Israel over to you.”
i) Abner’s motive: he wants to be the winning side.
Possibly, after war with Joab, he figured that he had no chance to win the battle.
ii) He was not obeying God for His glory, but was seeking his own benefit.
He was not a man of God but an opportunist.
3-3) What does David demand from Abner as a condition to their agreement? (13,14)
a) “Give me my wife Michal”:
About 20yrs ago (?) David received Michal in marriage. (1Sam 17:26-28)
But Saul took her away. (1Sam 25:44)
b) “Whom I betrothed to myself with a hundred foreskins of the Philistines”: (1Sam 18:20-30)
David used this unusual payment to marry the daughter of King Saul.
c) Why did David do this? Did he really need another wife? Did he really love Michal? Probably
not.
i) For love:
Michal loved David. (1Sam 18:20) David also wanted to marry her.
But David’ love for Michal was questioned later. (2Sam 6:20-23)
ii) For politics:
David wanted to use Michal to strengthen his claim to the throne.
Saul’s son-in-law is a lot better position to claim Saul’s throne.
Based on context, political movement was more close to the real meaning.
d) David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth. (v14)
David wanted the house of Saul to know that he was legally Saul’s son-in-law.
David wanted this demand to be official instead of personal demand.
David was not a politically-naïve romantic guy.
David was an extremely politically-shrewd guy.
3-4) What does Ish-Bosheth do regarding David’s demand? (15,16)
“15 So Ish-Bosheth gave orders and had her taken away from her husband Paltiel son of Laish. 16 Her husband, however, went with her, weeping behind her all the way to Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go back home!” So he went back.”
a) Ish-Bosheth gave orders to take Michal away from her husband Paltiel.
David’s claim caused ethical problems to Michal and Michal’s husband.
Leaders should not cause divorce between husband and wife.
b) Michal’s husband, Paltiel son of Laish, was weeping.
Saul did wicked things to David and his daughter Michal.
David also did wicked things to Michal and her husband Paltiel.
David abused his power to accomplish his own political power.
c) Abner said to him, "Go, return!" And he returned:
Abner must have been a man of absolute power in Israel.
3-5) How does Abner confer with the elders of Israel and the Benjamites? (17-19a)
“17 Abner conferred with the elders of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king. 18 Now do it! For the Lord promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’” 19 Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole tribe of Benjamin wanted to do.”
a) Abner had communicated with the elders of Israel: Persuasive talk.
i) He knew their desires:
He mentioned that elders also had same desire before.
Previously, the house of Benjamite persuaded the elders to follow the house of
Saul.
Now, he tried to persuade them to follow the house of David.
ii) He quoted God’s promise so that they must obey God.
He quoted God’s promise to fulfill his own purpose.
We should quote God’s promise according to His will, not ours.
Satan quotes God’s words to deceive people; how dangerous it is to use
God’s words for our own benefit.
God even used this wicked man to fulfill His will. [Sovereignty of God]
One of themes of the book of Samuel is the Sovereignty of God.
iii) He urged/commanded them to obey God, right now, not later.
He had power to push them to do certain things.
Now, he used his political power to fulfill his own agenda.
Good communication skills is important; but we must be careful about this.
Our messages should be in Spirit of God’s power. (1Cor 2:4)
Our messages should not be in persuasive words.
b) Abner spoke to the Benjamites in person.
The Saul’s house had power and they had to agree with Abner.
He talked to them personally in order to persuade them.
c) Some people see Abner as positive example to obey God. (v9,17-19)
If we take what he said out of context, he sounded like a great man of God.
But based on context, he was just a selfish opportunist just like everybody else.
Abner was not obeying God for His name sake.
d) Big IF: “If Abner has right motive”
‘Now do it’ is powerful statement to encourage people to obey God.
4. Read verses 19b-21. What then does Abner do? (19b-20a) What does David do for Abner and his men? (20b) What does Abner say to David? (21a) How does David respond to Abner’s suggestion? (21b)
4-1) Read verses 19b-21.
19 Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole tribe of Benjamin wanted to do. 20 When Abner, who had twenty men with him, came to David at Hebron, David prepared a feast for him and his men. 21 Then Abner said to David, “Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires.” So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.
4-2) What then does Abner do? (19b-20a)
a) He came to David at Hebron with twenty men.
b) He told David everything that Israel and the whole tribes wanted to do.
4-3) What does David do for Abner and his men? (20b)
a) David made a feast for Abner.
David was kind and generous towards a former adversary.
b) David wanted to have United Kingdom according to God’s will.
He was willing to forgive his adversary.
He was politically shrewd. But he was also kind, generous, and humble.
4-4) What does Abner say to David? (21a)
“21 Then Abner said to David, “Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires.””
a) “Let me go and assemble all Israel for my lord and the king.
So that they may make a covenant with you
You may rule over all that your heart desires.”
b) Abner wanted David’s reign to be fully realized over the people of God.
He was a man of action; doing everything very precisely and quickly.
He has a good quality as a leader.
4-5) How does David respond to Abner’s suggestion? (21b)
a) David sent Abner away and he went in peace.
b) The author wanted to emphasize that David was with peace with Abner.
He had in mind those who questioned about David’s relationship with Saul’s family.
He mentioned ‘peace’ couple times so that readers understood about this clearly. (v22,23)
* Things to think about more.
1) People willfully disobey God’s will.
Why? What should we do about this?
2) God’s will for David was done about 20 years later.
How can we be sure that God’s will be done in His time?
3) God used Abner to fulfill His will.
Sovereignty of God vs. human plan and will
4) God blessed David despite his many sins.
What can we learn from it?
In Conclusion,
Despite men’s willful disobedience, God’s will was done even using selfish desires of wicked men. Despite David’s sins, God blessed David for His own glory. We must be willing to submit to the [written] will of God with all our hearts and souls and strengths. May God’s will be done on earth as it is in heaven.