Galatians Introduction, HQ Bible Study Team
HAGAR AND SARAH
Passage: Galatians 4:21~31  
Key verse: 31
Hagar and Sarah
21 Tell me, you who want to be under the law,(A) are you not aware of what the law says? 22 For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the slave woman(B) and the other by the free woman.(C) 23 His son by the slave woman was born according to the flesh,(D) but his son by the free woman was born as the result of a divine promise.(E)
24 These things are being taken figuratively: The women represent two covenants. One covenant is from Mount Sinai and bears children who are to be slaves: This is Hagar. 25 Now Hagar stands for Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present city of Jerusalem, because she is in slavery with her children. 26 But the Jerusalem that is above(F) is free, and she is our mother. 27 For it is written:
“Be glad, barren woman,
you who never bore a child;
shout for joy and cry aloud,
you who were never in labor;
because more are the children of the desolate woman
than of her who has a husband.”[a](G)
28 Now you, brothers and sisters, like Isaac, are children of promise.(H) 29 At that time the son born according to the flesh(I) persecuted the son born by the power of the Spirit.(J) It is the same now. 30 But what does Scripture say? “Get rid of the slave woman and her son, for the slave woman’s son will never share in the inheritance with the free woman’s son.”[b](K) 31 Therefore, brothers and sisters, we are not children of the slave woman,(L) but of the free woman.(M)
Footnotes
- Galatians 4:27 Isaiah 54:1
- Galatians 4:30 Gen. 21:10
Cross references
- Galatians 4:21 : S Ro 2:12
- Galatians 4:22 : Ge 16:15
- Galatians 4:22 : Ge 21:2
- Galatians 4:23 : ver 28, 29; Ro 9:7, 8
- Galatians 4:23 : Ge 17:16-21; 18:10-14; 21:1; Heb 11:11
- Galatians 4:26 : Heb 12:22; Rev 3:12; 21:2, 10
- Galatians 4:27 : Isa 54:1
- Galatians 4:28 : ver 23; S Gal 3:16
- Galatians 4:29 : ver 23
- Galatians 4:29 : Ge 21:9
- Galatians 4:30 : Ge 21:10
- Galatians 4:31 : S Ro 7:4
- Galatians 4:31 : ver 22
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Source:  BibleGateway
1. Two women and two covenants (21-28)
Paul draws a parallel between Abraham's two sons and the two covenants God has made with men. Ishmael was the son of Hagar, the slave woman. Hagar represents the covenant of law made on Mount Sinai. The Jews who reject the Messiah are slaves of the law. Isaac was the son of Sarah. He was born according to God's promise. Those who believe God's promise and claim Jesus as their Savior are free. We are citizens of the Heavenly City. We are not under the law, but are bound to God by a new covenant in Jesus' blood. We can claim God's promise of fruitfulness in Isaiah 54:1.
2. Get rid of the slave woman (29-31)
Those who insist that Christians must practice religious rituals are like Ishmael who persecuted Isaac (Ge 21). Thus we must cast out such ideas, as God told Abraham to cast out Ishmael and Hagar. We must depend on God's grace alone.
Prayer: Lord, thank you for your promises and for your grace. Help me to use my freedom to love and to serve you and others.
One Word: Children of the promise